ABSTRACT
Background: The study was conducted to understand the clinical solution of renal cell carcinoma. Correlation was done by clinical presentation with radiological features and histopathology of renal cell carcinoma. The stress upon to understand the necessity for a team-approach between Clinician, Radiologist and Pathologist and vice versa is emphasized. Aim: Histopathology and Clinical Correlation of Renal cell carcinoma. Methods: The total number of renal tumours studied during the 8 years period was 45 cases among which 25 cases were diagnosed by histopathology as various types of renal cell carcinoma conclusively. This is a retrospective study of renal tumours, diagnosed by histopathology as various types of renal cell carcinoma. All the relevant clinical data of the patients were searched from the ward records. The various Radiological features were collected. Results: The total number of renal tumours studied during the 8 years period was 45 cases among which 25 cases were diagnosed by histopathology as various types of renal cell carcinoma conclusively. MRI provides molecular information with regard to renal cell carcinoma and potentially aid in biopsy planning. The total cases reported in the department is twenty five vases out of which sixteen cases are attending follow up after 3 years. Conclusion: The Fuhrman grading of renal cell carcinoma correlated grading of renal cell carcinoma. Preoperative radiological classification can be used as a supplement to the histopathological grading. Renal cell carcinoma needs correlation between Radiologist, Pathologist and Clinician.
ABSTRACT
Background: Gastric carcinomas have various pathological features. Based on patterns of growth and invasiveness, however, they fall into two types: diffuse type and intestinal type. These two types of carcinoma appear to be different in their histogenetic origins. Objectives: To analyse various types of gastric cancer reported in last five years. To compare the features of intestinal and diffuse type gastric carcinoma including gross appearance, staging, grading of tumor. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 324 gastric cancer which were surgically resected and received over 5 years. The tumors were divided into groups according to their gross and microscopic patterns. Gross appearance was classified based on Borrmann classification. Microscopic features evaluated include tumor cell type, extent of invasion, degree of maturation, formation of glandular structures, nodal metastasis. Results: Totally 320 cases of gastric cancer were received of which 218(68%) were male, 102(32%) were female. Gastric cancers are rare below the age of 30 years. Comparing the type of gastric cancer intestinal type were 269(84%), diffuse type were 24(7.5%) and other type of gastric cancer including GIST, lymphoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma were 27(8.5%). Younger patients have higher stage of lymph node metastasis in diffuse type, but not for the intestinal type. Conclusion: Gastric cancer more common in male (M:F= 2:1) and most frequently seen in 5th decade. Intestinal type constitutes the most common type of gastric tumor. Gross appearance of diffuse type was predominantly infiltrative (79%).
ABSTRACT
Background: To evaluate the acute toxicity study and effective dose determination of ethanolic leaf extract of Barleria cristata L. Methods: Toxicological evaluation and effective dose determination of ethanolic leaf extract of Barleria cristata were performed in wistar albino rats. 250, 500, 1000 and 2,000 mg/kg of body weight of ethanolic leaf extract of Barleria cristata (EtBc) were administered orally as a single dose to rats. Rats were observed periodically for symptoms of toxicity and death within 24 hours and then daily for the next 14 days. So the rats were observed for another 14 days and then sacrificed to collect serum and organs for the analysis of biochemical parameters. After this study, rats were induced with diabetes by a single intra peritoneal injection of 45 mg/kg bodyweight of streptozotocin. Ethanolic leaf extract of Barleria cristata was orally administered to diabetic rats at 200, 400 and 600mg/kg doses for 7 days through oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Glycemic index was demonstrated the variable doses of ethanolic leaf extract in normal and diabetic rats during OGTT studies. Results: In acute toxicity study, the results were showed that the administration of the ethanolic leaf extract of Barleria cristata (EtBc) at all given doses (up to 2000 mg kg) did not produce any sign of acute toxicity or instant death in rats tested during the period of observation. From OGTT study, 400mg/kg dosage of EtBc exhibited notable blood glucose lowering effect at 90 min than the other doses and this was similar to that of standard drug glibenclamide treated rats. This dosage was showed the highest percentage of glycemic index in both normal and diabetic rats. Conclusion: EtBc was revealed the non-toxic nature used for acute toxicity studies and among various doses of this extract, 400 mg/kg brought an effective hypoglycemic activity in wistar albino rats.